What isITF Taekwon-Do?

Definition of Taekwon-Do

Taekwon-Do ... A way of life. What is the exact meaning of the expression Taekwon-Do?

Simply put, Taekwon-Do is a form of unarmed combat for self-defence. However, it is more than that! It is the scientific use of the body in a method of self-defence. The body makes ultimate use of its properties following intense training of body and mind.

It is a martial art unequalled in both power and technique. Although it is a martial art, its discipline, technique and training of the mind are the mortar for building a strong sense of justice, strength of character, humility and determination. This training of the mind distinguishes the true practitioner from the “sensationalist” who is content to master only the combative aspect of the art.

Taekwon-Do obviously enables the weak to possess a good weapon and the confidence to defend themselves as well as overcome an opponent. Misusing Taekwon-Do is a deadly weapon. Therefore, training of the mind must always be emphasised to prevent practitioners from misusing it.

Even when Taekwon-Do is practised only for exercise, the enjoyment it brings justifies the time invested. As exercise, it is equally suitable for older and younger people, women and men.

When and where did Taekwon-Do take shape?

“The reason my people have suffered so much at the hands of the Japanese is that our ancestors did not govern wisely. They exploited the people and in the end lost the country to foreign domination. If we ever regain our freedom and independence, let us see to it that we do not become masters of the people. Instead, let us dedicate ourselves to advising those who govern.”

The composition of Taekwon-Do

Taekwon-Do is composed of basic movements, forms, balance exercises, sparring and self-defence techniques that are closely connected. It is impossible to separate one part of training from another.

Basic movements are necessary for sparring and forms. Sparring and forms are essential to perfecting basic movements.

In the evolutionary cycle of Taekwon-Do, it is difficult to distinguish the beginning from the end. There is neither beginning nor end. Practitioners quickly discover that they must often return to the same basic movements to perfect their sparring and methods of self-defence.

Each basic movement represents an attack or defence against a particular target, or against a precise movement by an imaginary opponent. It is essential to learn as many basic movements as possible and master them in order to face any situation in combat with confidence. The form places the practitioner in a hypothetical situation in which they must perform defensive, counterattacking and attacking manoeuvres against several opponents.

Through constant practice of the forms, attack and defence become reflex movements. Power and precision must be developed to such a degree that a single blow is enough to control the opponent. Practitioners can change position often and block or attack an opponent. Each form is different so as to develop a reaction to changing situations.

Once the forms are mastered, practitioners can use the techniques learned in basic movements and forms to fight against the movements of real opponents. Alongside sparring, practitioners develop their bodies and strengthen their weapons of attack and defence to gain the greatest possible advantage in a real fight.

After a practitioner has practised basic movements, forms, sparring and balance exercises, the time has come to test their coordination, speed, balance and concentration against a spontaneous attack—that is, in self-defence.

Practitioners continually return to their basic movements, even when they reach the highest levels of refinement.

Technically, Taekwon-Do has a variety of movements that can be used in any situation. They are based on the following principles:

1. 1. All movements must be performed to produce maximum power in accordance with scientific formulas and principles of energy development (kinetic and potential).

2. 2. The basic principles of the techniques must be so clear that even those unfamiliar with Taekwon-Do can distinguish a correct movement from an incorrect one.

3. 3. The distance and angle of each movement must be precisely defined to enable more effective attacks and defences.

4. 4. The reason and method for each movement must be clear and simple to facilitate teaching and learning.

5. 5. Rational teaching methods must be developed so that everyone, young and old, women and men, can benefit from Taekwon-Do.

6. 6. Good breathing methods must be developed to increase the speed of each movement and reduce fatigue.

7. 7. It must be possible to attack any vital point of the human body and to defend against every type of attack.

8. 8. Each attacking body weapon must be clearly defined and based on the logical structure of the human body.

9. 9. Each movement must be easy to perform so that practitioners can enjoy Taekwon-Do as a sport and recreation.

10. 10. Special measures must be taken to promote good health and prevent injuries.

11. 11. Every movement must be harmonious and performed with rhythm so that Taekwon-Do meets the standards of aesthetics.

12. 12. Every movement in a form must express the personality and quality of mind of the person after whom it is named.

The moral culture of Taekwon-Do (Jungshin Sooyang)

The broad meaning and multiple interpretations given to the notion of “moral culture” often make it difficult for a Western mind to grasp, since it is an aspect specific to Eastern peoples. In a word, it is the process and goal pursued by a person to become exemplary, as Confucius was (552–479 BC).

To become such a person, an individual must discover themselves and acquire a moral character respected by all. This can be achieved only through constant self-discipline. Thus, when the situation calls for it, a disciplined person can contribute to building an ideal society by advising its government; because this person is exemplary, their influence continues even after death.

Confucius said that “to promote a sense of morality, everyone must treat others with fidelity and sincerity based on virtue, and completely eliminate every corrupt thought”.

Philosophy, aims and commitments

The ultimate aim of Taekwon-Do is to eliminate combat by discouraging aggression through a force that must rest on humanity, justice, morality, wisdom and loyalty, with a view to building a better and peaceful world.

Taekwon-Do is an art that implies a way of thinking and living, putting strength in the service of justice. Taekwon-Do is also known as one of the best ways to develop and intensify one’s emotional, psychological and perceptual characteristics.

Every Taekwon-Do movement is scientifically designed for a specific purpose, and a skilled instructor will develop in the student the certainty that success is possible for everyone. The extraordinary power generated by Taekwon-Do develops confidence in facing any opponent, in any situation.

Combat training teaches us humility, courage, precision and self-control. Among other things, martial arts teach perseverance and concentration. A training session gives practitioners calm and frees the mind, enabling them to focus their energy in a particular direction (studies, work, etc.).

It goes without saying that success or failure in practising Taekwon-Do depends largely on how one adheres to its aims. These aims should guide the conduct of every serious student of this martial art.

The commitments of Taekwon-Do:

• I will abide by the principles (aims) of Taekwon-Do;

• I will respect my instructor and seniors;

• I will never misuse Taekwon-Do;

• I will be a champion of freedom and justice. ;

• I will build a more peaceful world.

Start at your own pace

Belts and grades

Progression starts at 10th Gup and continues to 1st Gup. The nine Dan degrees of the black belt follow. Each grading confirms newly acquired knowledge.

The hierarchy in Taekwon-Do (Dan Gup Jedo)

In Taekwon-Do, character development, courage, perseverance and technique are assessed, as is the individual’s ability. The promotion scale is divided into 19 levels—10 ranks (Gups) and 9 degrees (Dans). The ranks begin at 10th (the lowest) and end at 1st. The degrees begin with first and end with 9th, the highest.

There is a meaning to the numbering system. In the degrees, the number 9 is not only the highest single-digit number, but also 3 multiplied by 3. In the East, 3 is the most esteemed number. The Chinese character representing 3 means:

It is believed that a person who can promote their country, its citizens and their God, and reach agreement with all three, may be inspired to become king. In writing, the Chinese characters for THREE and KING are almost alike. When 3 is multiplied by itself, it makes 9, the highest of the high. The 9th degree is therefore the highest belt rank.

Let us take the number 3 one step further. The degrees are also divided into 3 distinct classes:

• The first three degrees are considered novice degrees of the black belt. Compared with the more advanced degrees, practitioners are still recruits.

• From 4th through 6th degree, the practitioner crosses the threshold of puberty and enters the class of experts.

• From 7th to 9th degree, these are the masters of Taekwon-Do—the elite—who fully understand every part of Taekwon-Do and its requirements of both mind and technique.